Different company product used for shirmp culture and hatchery management

Different company product used for shirmp culture and hatchery management :

In the present study of chemicals and antibiotics used in coastal aquaculture in Cox’s Bazar region have been investigated. The name of such compounds with the purpose of use, application methods and dose is listed in Table1. Many of such compounds are also common in freshwater aquaculture.

Different company product used in shrimp culture :

Table 1: Chemicals used in coastal shrimp farming especially for health management and disease treatment

Name of chemicals	Trade name	form	Purpose of use	Method application and dose
38% formaldehyde	Formalin	Liquid	Control protozoan disease also improve water quality	Spread with water,1-3ppm
Vitamins, minerals, natural Carotinoids, Genthofils, Amino acids	Exorich	Powder	Reduce stress and help in molting	2-15gm mixed with 1kg feed
Al2O3SiO2	Zeolyte	Powder	Improve and water quality	Spread with water;10-20ppm
Al2SO4	Aluminum sulfate	Solid	Reduce settle iron in water	Spread with water 2.5ppm
Benzal konim chloride	BKC	Liquid	Control bacteria and reduce phytoplankton in water	Spread with water,0.5ppm
CaCO3	Agriculture lime	Powder	Improve water quality	Spread with water;6-10ppm
CaO	Rock lime	Solid	Improve soil and water quality	Spread with water ,10ppm
chlorine	Bleaching	Powder	Eradicate virus carrier to prevent WSSV	Spread with water;60ppm
Eco- solution	Eco-Solution	Liquid	Prevent viral disease	Spread in water,0.1-0.2ppm
KMnO4	Potassium permanganete	Granular	Disinfectant	Spread with water,0.1-0.2ppm
Oxysentine	Oxysentine	Powder	Feed supplement to increase resistant powder	Mix with feed,3gm/kg feed
Sodium percarbonet	Best Oxygen	Powder	Increase 02 in water	Spread with water,0.1-0.2ppm
Sodium Thio Sulfate	EDTA	Powder	Disinfectant also reduce toxic gases	Spread with water;0.1-1ppm
Tetravet 200WSP	Tetra vet	powder	Feed supplement to increase resistant powder	Mix with feed,3gm/kg feed
Tinsen	Tinsen	powder	Feed supplement to increase resistant powder	Mix with feed,3gm/kg feed
TSP	Fertilizer	Solid Granular	Improve plankton in water	Spread with water,1-2ppm
Urea	Fertilizer	Solid Granular	Improve plankton in water	Spread with water,1-2ppm
Vitamin C	Vitamin	Powder	Feed supplement to increase resistant powder	Mix with feed,3gm/kg feed

Different companies Probiotic product used in shrimp aquaculture:

There has been increasing interest in the use of probiotics in aquaculture with the demand to make it environment friendly. In the present study some shrimp farmers were found to use a range of probiotics to control vibriosis and other luminescent bacteria, improving water and soil quality and control pH (Table..). The probiotics contain mainly different concentration of beneficial bacteria which include Bacillus sp., Rodobacter sp., Rodococcus sp., Strptococcus faecalis etc.

Table 2: Probiotics used in shrimp culture

Trade name	composition	Purpose of use	source	dose
Pondplus	Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. megaterium	Reduce ammonia through nitrifying process, increase FCR, reduce harmful bacteria, increase useful bacteria and increase production	Novozymes, USA marketed by Fishtech (BD) Limited	200gm/acre 7-10 days interval
Aqua Gold	Rhodopseudomonas sp.	Increase growth rate and disease preventive power.	Penta agrovat limited	2ml/100dec.
Aqua Photo	Bacillus subtilis and Rhodoseudomonas	Control unwanted gas, sediment and Increase growth of plankton.	Eon Animal Health	50-70ml/100dec.
Bio-Zyme	Bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces	Increase immunity, help in digestion	ACI	500g/100kg feed
C-150	Increase immunity, help in digestion	Control unwanted gas, sediment and Increase growth of plankton.	CP India	5g/kg feed
Super biotic	Make strong shrimp reduce loss shell problem	Make strong shrimp reduce loss shell problem	CP India
Super PS	Bacillus Lactobacillus	Control unwanted gas, sediment and Increase growth of plankton.	CP India
Calmag		Nutrients content	CP India
Eco marine	Control Vibriosis, luminescent bacteria	Control vibriosis and luminescent bacteria	Tushin Agro Pharma Ltd	3-4 tablet/acre
Ecomax	Control Vibriosis luminescent bacteria	Control vibriosis, luminescent bacteria	Novartis pharmaceuticals ltd	6-8 tablet/acre
Golden Bac	Yeast, Bacillius  subtilis,  Lactobcillus sp.	Waste purification and ensure maximum use of feed	Eon Animal Health	1.5/2kg/acre
Mutagen	Major vitamin and minerals	For better health	Century Agro Ltd	5g/kg
pH fixer	Bacillus sp	Improve water quality    and control pH	Square pharmaceuticals Ltd	1-2kg/acre
Procon-PS	Bacillus sp. Rhodococcus, and Rhodobacter	Control unwanted gas, sediment and arrests the pathogens	Rals agro limited	5L/hac(1m depth)
Super Biotic	Bacillus sp.	Reduce pathogenic bacteria in water	Century Agro Ltd	1-2kg/acre
Super PS	Rodobacter sp. Rodococcus sp.	Improve soil quality and reduce toxic gas from bottom	Eon Animal Health	4-6L/acre
Zymetine	Stereptococcus faecalia and other bacteria	Inhibit pathogenic bacteria	Tushin Agro Pharma Ltd	5g/kg

Chemical used in shrimp hatchery management :

A range of antibiotics and chemicals were used to control bacteria, fungi and protozoa in the shrimp hatcheries in Bangladesh. Seventy percent (70%) of the surveyed hatcheries use formalin and 30% used malachite green to control parasites in broodstock holding tanks. Sixty percent surveyed hatcheries used formalin and 40% hatcheries used povidone iodine (PVP) as a disinfectant in broodstock before placed to the spawning tank. Forty percent of the hatcheries used the Ciprofloxacin, 30% used chloramphenicol, 15% used erythromycin, 10% used prefuran and 5% used oxytetracycline in broodstock maintenance to prevent possible bacterial infections after eye stalk ablation (Table 13).

Table 3: Antibiotics and drugs used for broodstock maintenance in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) hatcheries

Antibiotic/ chemical	Percentage of hatcheries (%)	Dose range (ppm)	Pathogen/ purpose
Formalin (Formaldihyde solution)	80	200 (5 minutes), 20-30 (few hour) or 50-100 or 100 (30 sec. dip)	Ectoparasites, Epibionts, Cilliates, Disinfection of broodstock, Egg washing
Malachite Green	30	1-1.5	Fungi, Epibionts
Povidone iodine	40	20	Used as a broad spectrum antibiotic, after eyestalk ablation against possible bacterial infection
Ciprofloxacin	40	4-6	Do
Chloramphenicol	30	8-10	Do
Erythromycin	15	12-20	Do
Prefuran	10	2-4	Do
Oxytetracycline	5	10-20	Do
Povidone iodine	80	50 (1 minute dip)	Egg washing

Eighty percent hatcheries used povidone iodine (PVP) and 20% used formalin eggs/nauplii washing (Table 13). Ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol (CL-33), prefuran, furazolidone and oxytetracycline were widely used by many hatcheries as prophylactic treatments for vibriosis disease. For prophylactic and metaphylactic treatment in larval rearing operation Chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, malachite green and furazolidone were used by 40%, 25%, 15%, 12% and 8% of surveyed hatcheries respectively to control luminous bacteria (Table13). In larval and post larval rearing facilities malachite green, formalin and oxytetracycline were used by 45%, 25% and 30% hatcheries respectively to control shell disease. Treflan and malachite green were used as antifungal agents. Eighty percent of the hatcheries used treflan and 20% used malachite green to control fungal diseases of P. monodon larvae. Seventy percent of the surveyed hatcheries used formalin and 30% hatcheries used malachite green to control protozoans in larval rearing operation. Table 14 provides a detailed list of chemicals presently used in shrimp hatcheries in southeastern region of Bangladesh.

Table 4: Antibiotics and chemicals used for treating larvae and post larvae in the shrimp hatcheries

Antibiotic	Percentage of Hatcheries (%)	Dosage (ppm)	Disease name	Larval stage	Pathogen
Ciprofloxacin	20	4-8	Vibriosis	Mysis, PL	Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio anguillarium
Chloramphenicol (CL-33)	25	8-10	Do	Do	Do
Prefuran	10	1	Do	Do	Do
Furazolidone	30	1-25	Do	Do	Do
Oxytetracycline	15	10	Do	Do	Do
Chloramphenicol	40	10	Luminescent Bacteria, Filamentous bacteria	Zoea, Mysis, PL	Vibrio Harveyi Vibrio splendious, Leucothrix mucor
Erythromycin	15	4-8	Do	Do	Do
Malachite green-	12	0.075	Luminescent Bacteria, Filamentous Bacteria, Protozoan infection	Do	Vibrio Harveyi Vibrio splendious, Leucothrix mucor, Zoothamnium spp. Epistylis spp. Vorticella spp.
Neomycin	30	10	Do	Do	Do
sulphate	15	2.5-5	Do	Do	Do
KMnO4	15	0.01+0.01	Do	Do	Do
Formalin+ Malachite green	45	0.0075	Shell disease	PL	Bacteria belonging to Vibrio, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas group.
Formalin	30	25	Do	Do	Do
Oxytetracycline	80	2-4	Do	Do	Do
Treflan	20	0.01-0.1	Larval mycosis	Nauplii, Zoea, Mysis	Legenidium spp.
Methelene Blue	40	8-10	Black Gill disease	PL	Chemical contamination

A verity of chemicals and drugs were seen to be used in the shrimp farms using overall hatchery operation is shown in Table 15

Table 5:  List of chemicals and drugs used in shrimp hatcheries

Purpose	Chemical/drugs	Dosage
Disinfection of inflow seawater	Sodium hypochlorite	10-12 ppm
Chelation of heavy metals in inflow seawater	EDTA	10 ppm
Disinfection of discharge water	Sodium hypochlorite	20-30 ppm for not less than 60 min
Determination of presence of chlorine in seawater	Ortho-toluidine	3 drops in 5 ml water sample
Neutralization of chlorine in treated seawater	Sodium thiosulfate	1 ppm for every 1 ppm residual chlorine
Chelation of heavy metals in: broodstock holding tanks and hatching tanks water	EDTA	10-12 ppm
Disinfection of broodstock entry inside the hatchery	Formalin, Erythromycin Prefuran Oxytetracyline	50-100 ppm (15-30 minutes), 50 ppm (10 minutes)
Disinfection of broodstock following for 15 sec (dip) spawning	Iodine PVP or Formalin	20 ppm (10 sec), 500 ppm for 15 sec (dip)
Treatment of spawning tank	EDTA, Chloramphenicol	10 ppm, 4 ppm
Washing and disinfecting eggs	Iodine-PVP or Formalin, and Treflan	50-100 ppm for 1-3 min, 100 ppm for 30 sec, 0.05-0.1 ppm (to reduce fungal infections)
Treatment of hatching tank	EDTA, Chloramphenicol, Prefuran, Oxytetracycline	10 ppm, 4 ppm, 1 ppm, 4 ppm,
Preparation of larval tanks for stocking nauplii	Sodium hypochlorite	200 ppm (8-10 hrs)
Disposal of discarded larvae	Sodium hypochlorite	20 ppm
Removal of epibiont fouling from postlarvae	Formalin	20-30 ppm for 1 hr with full aeration for30 min
Stress testing of postlarvae	Formalin	20-30 ppm for 1 hr with full aeration for30 min
Decapsulation of Artemia cysts	Caustic soda (NaOH) and Chlorine liquid	40 g in 4 ml
Disinfection of Artemia nauplii	Sodium hypochlorite solution or Chloramine-T or both	20 ppm, 60 ppm for 3 min
Treatment of water in spawning and hatching tanks	Treflan	0.05-0.1 ppm
Footbath	Sodium (calcium) hypochlorite solution	40-50 ppm
Disinfection of equipment (containers, hoses, nets etc.)	Sodium hypochlorite, Hydrochloric acid	20-30 ppm, 10% solution
Disinfection of hands	Iodine-PVP or Alcohol	20 ppm, 70%
Cleaning and disinfection of tanks used  broodstock spawning, egg hatching holding for nauplii and postlarvae, hatching of Artemia	Sodium hypochlorite and/or Hydrochloric acid Formalin	100 ppm, 10% solution, 100 ppm
Disinfection of algal culture tanks	Sodium hypochlorite followed by Hydrochloric acid	50-100 ppm, 10% solution
Disinfection of sand filters	Sodium hypochlorite	20 ppm
Disinfection of cartridge filters	Sodium hypochlorite	10 ppm
Washing of feed preparation Equipment (knives, tables, mixers etc.)	Iodine-PVP	20 ppm